Challenges to Open-Heart Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Review

Victory Bassey Effiom^1,2; Abdullah K. Alassiri³; Victor Femi-Lawal⁴; Eben-ezer Genda⁵; Jonas Lotanna Ibekwe⁴; Achanga Bill-Smith Anyinkeng⁶; Olalekan Kolawole Victor⁴; Echieh C. Peter⁷

DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2024-0351 Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2026;41(1):e20240351